US scientists reach long-awaited nuclear fusion breakthrough, source says | CNN Politics
Category: News & Politics
Via: perrie-halpern • 2 years ago • 14 commentsBy: Ella Nilsen,Rene Marsh (CNN)
S E E D E D C O N T E N T
For the first time ever, US scientists at the National Ignition Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California successfully produced a nuclear fusion reaction resulting in a net energy gain, a source familiar with the project confirmed to CNN.
The US Department of Energy is expected to officially announce the breakthrough Tuesday.
The result of the experiment would be a massive step in a decadeslong quest to unleash an infinite source of clean energy that could help end dependence on fossil fuels. Researchers for decades have attempted to recreate nuclear fusion - replicating the fusion that powers the sun.
US Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm will make an announcement Tuesday on a "major scientific breakthrough," the department announced Sunday. The breakthrough was first reported by the Financial Times.
Nuclear fusion happens when two or more atoms are fused into one larger one, a process that generates a massive amount of energy as heat. Unlike nuclear fission that powers electricity all over the world, it doesn't generate long-lived radioactive waste.
Scientists across the globe have been inching toward the breakthrough, using different methods to try to achieve the same goal.
The National Ignition Facility project creates energy from nuclear fusion by what's known as "thermonuclear inertial fusion." In practice, US scientists fire pellets that contain a hydrogen fuel into an array of nearly 200 lasers, essentially creating a series of extremely fast, repeated explosions at the rate of 50 times per second.
The energy collected from the neutrons and alpha particles is extracted as heat, and that heat holds the key to producing energy.
"They contain the fusion reaction by bombarding the outside with lasers," Tony Roulstone, a fusion expert from the University of Cambridge's Department of Engineering, told CNN. "They heat up the outside; that creates a shockwave."
Even though getting a net energy gain from nuclear fusion is a big deal, it's happening on a much smaller scale than what's needed to power electric grids and heat buildings.
"It's about what it takes to boil 10 kettles of water," said Jeremy Chittenden, co-director of the Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies at Imperial College in London. "In order to turn that into a power station, we need to make a larger gain in energy - we need it to be substantially more."
In the UK, scientists are working with a huge donut-shaped machine outfitted with giant magnets called a tokamak to try to generate the same result.
After a small amount of fuel is injected into the tokamak, giant magnets are activated to create a plasma. The plasma needs to reach at least 150 million degrees Celsius, 10 times hotter than the core of the sun. This forces the particles from the fuel to fuse into one. With nuclear fusion, the fused product has less mass than the original atoms. The missing mass converts to an enormous amount of energy.
Neutrons, which are able to escape the plasma, then hit a "blanket" lining the walls of the tokamak, and their kinetic energy transfers as heat. This heat can then be used to warm water, create steam and power turbines to generate power.
Last year, scientists working near Oxford were able to generate a record-breaking amount of sustained energy. Even so, it only lasted 5 seconds.
Whether it's using magnets or shooting pellets with lasers, the result is ultimately the same: Heat sustained by the process of fusing the atoms together holds the key to helping produce energy.
NIF's target chamber is where the magic happens -- temperatures of 100 million degrees and pressures extreme enough to compress the target to densities up to 100 times the density of lead are created there. Damien Jemison/LLNL
The big challenge of harnessing fusion energy is sustaining it long enough so that it can power electric grids and heating systems around the globe.
Chittenden and Roulstone told CNN that scientists around the globe now must work toward dramatically scaling up their fusion projects, and also bring the cost down. Getting it commercially viable will take years of more research.
"At the moment we're spending a huge amount of time and money for every experiment we do," Chittenden said. "We need to bring the cost down by a huge factor."
However, Chittenden called this new chapter in nuclear fusion "a true breakthrough moment which is tremendously exciting."
Roulstone said there's much shows more work needs to happen to make fusion able to generate electricity on a commercial scale.
"The opposing argument is that this result is miles away from actual energy gain required for the production of electricity," he said. "Therefore, we can say (it) is a success of the science but a long way from providing useful energy."
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Just outstanding! They finally ignited a small nuclear fusion 'fire' (chain reaction). No matter how small, the fact that this is now a net energy gain means we can and will improve. Now I know that scientists will indeed crack the fusion nut in my lifetime. Cool!
Great news! Fusion would solve so many problems.
Science fiction becoming science fact.
Outstanding, what an accomplishment and only the beginning.
This is really a big story. Imagine if they could have the entire national energy grid hooked up to this?
No nuclear waste to dispose of and no waste of water.
I'm confident that the ruling elite will get it done and maybe even within 2 decades.
It won't take long now for them to get this working in a real world electrical grid scenario. Imagine, though, this also working in a interstellar rocket... I'm wondering if we can maybe get a working probe to a habitable world in my lifetime?
Truly excellent news.
What will happen to the climate change is the end of the world cult though?
They are still going to be going nuts unless they can get the rest of the world to adopt the same system.
Amusing from the last time there was news of a fusion break through (that turned out to be a hoax) in 1989:
Somehow we are still here, 33 years later and our demise is always just a few years away.
All I had to do was google your post to get a link to the LA Times:
The lefties who used to work atTwitter would have used any excuse to censor that.
What may be even more promising is that these high powered lasers are also being studied for use in geothermal well drilling. The thinking is that they will be able to vaporize rock at depths where traditional drilling methods fail. Once the right depth is reached the heat for keeping the steam loop going is endless. Traditional power plants can even be re-tooled to replace fossil fuel heat with steam from a geothermal well. That seems more reliable and far more economical to me than the delicate business of keeping plasma in a stable position inside a multibillion dollar tokamak.
Yay.... just in time?
I'm currently in North Africa on business and Russia of all countries is building a nuclear power plant. It's kind of disheartening considering their track record. It's on a beautiful stretch of coast line and if they have an accident it will destroy the Mediterranean sea.
This is a development of major importance. The issue will be how obstructionist the fossil fuel industry and their republican toadies act.